P-hacking: P-hacking, also known as data dredging, is a method in which data is manipulated or selection criteria are modified until a desired statistical result, typically a statistically significant result, is achieved. It involves testing numerous hypotheses on a particular dataset until the data appears to support one. This practice can lead to misleading findings or exaggerated statistical significance. P-hacking is generally considered a problematic and unethical practice in data analysis.